Neurotransmitters and Synapses

The neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic neuron causes sodium ions or other positively charged ions to enter the postsynaptic neuron, helping to depolarise it and cause an action potential. Postsynaptic transmission is therefore excited (stimulated).

Synapses are decision-making sites in the central nervous system. They involve the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, and the outcome depends on the summation of messages from multiple synapses, some being excitatory and others inhibitory.

Psychoactive drugs are substances that alter the body's functioning, particularly the brain and personality. They often disrupt synaptic transmission by binding to receptors, either blocking or mimicking neurotransmitters. Some drugs also interfere with neurotransmitter breakdown or reabsorption, leading to prolonged effects.

These work either by promoting transmission at excitatory synapses or inhibiting transmission at inhibitory synapses. Examples are amphetamines, nicotine and cocaine

These work either by inhibiting transmission at excitatory synapses or promoting transmission at inhibitory synapses. Examples are THS, alcohol and benzodiazepines.

Addiction is influenced by factors like the drug's impact on dopamine release, genetic predisposition, and social factors such as cultural norms, peer pressure, and life experiences.

Cocaine is an addictive drug that affects the brain's dopamine synapses, causing euphoria and increased energy. It blocks dopamine reuptake, leading to intense feelings unrelated to specific activities. Crack cocaine is a more potent and risky form of the drug when inhaled as vapor.

THC, found in cannabis, is a psychoactive compound that affects brain synapses by binding to cannabinoid receptors. It inhibits neurotransmitter release, causing effects like impaired psychomotor behavior, memory, and increased appetite. It is unsafe to drive or operate machinery while under its influence.