1. Which of the following structures is a part of the rhombencephalon?
Temporal lobe
Thalamus
Substantia nigra
Medulla
2. Which of the following accurately describes the direction of an impulse moving through a neuron that carries information to the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
An afferent neuron, impulse moving distally.
An efferent neuron, impulse moving proximally.
An efferent neuron, impulse moving distally.
An afferent neuron, impulse moving proximally.
3. Which of the following is an example of a basic nervous system function?
Remembering a painful experience
Sweating during a yoga class
Learning English as a second language
Feeling afraid of the dark
4. Information from the sympathetic nervous system follows a different structural path than the parasympathetic nervous system. Which of the following accurately describes the flow of sympathetic nervous system information?
A sympathetic nerve originates in the middle of the spinal cord and has a long axon to the synapse of a second neuron. From the second cell, there is a short axon that goes to the target neuron.
A sympathetic nerve originates in the middle of the spinal cord and has a short axon to the synapse of another neuron. From the second cell, there is a long axon that goes to target neuron.
A sympathetic nerve originates in the brain stem and has a short axon to the synapse of another neuron. From the second cell, there is a long axon that goes to the target neuron.
A sympathetic nerve originates in the bottom of the spinal cord and has a long axon to the synapse of another neuron. From the second cell, there is a short axon that goes to the target neuron.
5. Which of the following statements correctly describes the activation of autonomic nervous system function within the circulatory system?
Sympathetic nervous system activation decreases cardiac output.
Parasympathetic nervous system activation increases heart rate.
Sympathetic nervous system activation constricts arteries found within the salivary glands.
Parasympathetic nervous system activation constricts arteries found within erectile tissue.
6. Which of the following is an example of lower motor neuron dysfunction?
An individual is told to relax her body. Despite attempts to relax, she experiences repeated, uncontrollable muscle spasticity.
An individual sits in a relaxed position with her knee partially flexed. When her foot is pulled upward, the individual involuntarily and rhythmically moves her foot up and down.
An individual is told to lift her left arm, and she has difficulty doing so. Her left arm appears shriveled and shorter than her right arm.
A metal object is dragged along the bottom of an individual`s foot and her toes go into extension away from the bottom of her foot.
7. A 55-year old woman is diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and reports symptoms of general weakness, muscle atrophy, and muscle twitching. What type of nervous system dysfunction is she likely experiencing?
Upper motor neuron dysfunction
Lower motor neuron dysfunction
Axon degeneration
Demyelination
8. If an individual were to sustain a significant injury to their right cerebral hemisphere, where might somatosensory loss of functioning occur?
Right side of the body
Left side of the body
There is no evidence that loss of functioning would occur.
Both sides of the body
9. A veteran is admitted to the hospital after sustaining a traumatic brain injury. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) shows significant damage to the veteran`s cerebellum. The damage would result in difficulty with which of the following functions?
Regulation of temperature
Sensation of pain
Coordination of movement
Regulation of emotion
10. A researcher is interested in learning more about individual perceptions of pain and develops a trial where participants experience electric shocks. He applies a low grade electric shock to a participant`s right hand. Where would this information typically be processed by the participant`s brain?
Left side of the cerebral cortex
Both sides of the cerebral cortex
Right side of the cerebral cortex
Pain sensation is not processed by cerebral cortex
11. Which of the following areas of the brain is not involved in the diffuse cortical projection of dopamine?
Hypothalamus
Raphe nuclei
Ventral tegmentum
Substantia nigra
12. Jenny receives a golden retriever puppy for her birthday. She picks up the puppy and is surprised at how soft and fluffy the puppy`s fur feels. What lobe of Jenny`s cerebral cortex first processes the information about the feel of the puppy`s fur?